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Transcultural Psychiatry
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*Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
*Veterans and Military Health
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Group Treatment for Race-related Stresses among Minority Vietnam Veterans

Chalsa M. Loo

Department of Veterans Affairs, Hawaiii,chalsa{at}earthlink.net

Salvador S. Ueda

San Francisco Vet Center, USA ,salvador.ueda{at}med.va.gov

Robert K. Morton

Guam Vet Venter,robert.morton2{at}med.va.gov

Treatment for symptoms arising from exposure to adverse race-related events is critical to culturally competent healthcare delivery to ethnic minorities, particularly in light of recent findings demonstrating significant relationships between adverse race-related events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and general psychiatric distress. This article offers a developmental model consisting of stages by which psychological symptoms develop in response to race-related stressors in the military. This article also describes a model of group treatment for ethnic minority veterans related to psychological symptoms arising from exposure to race-related stressors. Both models were used in a race-related support group for Pacific Islander Vietnam veterans diagnosed with PTSD. A combined approach of group intervention, psychosocial education, identity reframing, cognitive differentiation, and cognitive restructuring, which included `depersonalizing discrimination' and rejection of faulty beliefs, appear to offer an effective approach to treating psychological sequelae arising from adverse race-related events. This article offers an intervention model that is linked to a developmental model of race-related stressors for Asian American Pacific Islander minority personnel in the military.

Key Words: Chamorro • ethnic minority veterans • group treatment • Pacific Islanders • post-traumatic stress disorders • race-related stressors

Transcultural Psychiatry, Vol. 44, No. 1, 115-135 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1363461507074980
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